许多同学反映,有个写作“大坑”从小到大伴随至今,绕也绕不开,避也避不过,那就是:千篇一律缺深度,人云亦云少新意。
格式体例、语法规范、文章结构等写作问题可以通过比对标准答案或优秀范例自我改进提升,但文章缺少深度和鲜明观点是什么问题?要怎么破?明明有观察思考的……
是时候了解下独立思考了!
何为独立思考?
“Independent thinking means making sense of the world based on your own observations and experiences rather than just depending on the word of others.” 所谓独立思考,就是根据自己的观察和思考了解这个世界,而不仅仅是依赖他人的观点。
独立思考的观点可以因人而异,别人可能未必认同,但它是属于你自己的独立观点,是你的观察所得。
独立思考的重要性
独立思考的重要作用就是让我们能够透过表象看本质,培养更强的洞察力,这样提出的观点才会具有说服力,不流于表面。
如此解释太抽象?下面跟随案例分析细细体会下吧~
In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas. What has caused the migration to cities?
题目解读:在最近的几十年,城市急剧膨胀,目前地球上约有百分之五十的人口居住在城市,导致人口向城市迁移的原因是什么?
首先,我们来对比下节选自两位不同作者写出的例子:
例文一:
The increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation of many factory jobs. These jobs, with their promise of a better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. The promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move to the cities.
Finally, as the cities grew, people established places of leisure, entertainment, and culture, such as sports stadiums, theaters, and museums.
该作者认为导致人口迁移的原因可以归纳为工作机会,更好的物质生活与教育条件以及很多设施。
例文二:
In the first place, urbanized place is furnished with better infrastructures and facilities which bring convenience in daily life and enhancement in life quality. Also, a significant number of people come to cities for a successful career, because more job opportunities are emerging as a result of rapid development of economy and technology. In addition, it is the qualified teaching staff and more effective education system in urban areas that have long appealed to students.
该作者认为人口向城市迁移是因为城市有更好的基础设施,对职业发展更有利,能够提供更多的工作机会,拥有更好的教育体系。
通过对比可发现,在解释人口向城市迁移的原因时,上面两位作者不约而同地提到了工作机会、教育和城市生活的基础设施。虽然两位作者的学术背景、家庭背景和教育背景完全不同,但是提出的原因却基本相似。
为什么不同的人在思考同一问题时会罗列出如此相似的原因?其实这些原因都源于生活中的观察。很多人都会有类似的观察,这就是为什么大家的观点会如此相似。而这并非是作者自己的独立观点,而是他人或所有人的观点,这并不是真正的独立思考。
那么以此题为例,怎么才能避免流于表面,展现自己的独立观点呢?下面再来看一个例子:
例文三:
A close examination would reveal that people migrate to cities due to the key difference between rural and urban areas: the unbalanced distribution of resources. The cities have better job prospects, better education opportunities and better entertainment and living environment. Therefore, people move to cities for the very pursuit of better resources.
该作者认为城市与乡村资源分配的不平衡是人口向城市迁移的主要原因。不平衡表现在更好的工作前景,更好的教育,更好的娱乐生活环境这些方面。
题目中,工作机会、教育、基础设施等等都是表面原因,城市条件优越的深层原因是城市与乡村资源分配的不平衡,导致大量人口从资源匮乏的地区向资源丰富的地区迁移,这才是城市化的根本原因。
上述观点的得出就是独立思考的结果。独立思考需要我们具备“透过现象看本质”的意识,深挖表面原因下的根本原因。